赤道不稳定波能量收支的数值模拟分析     

陈鲜艳  木本昌秀  胡博  李维京 《热带气象学报》2009,25(3):329-335

最新海表温度卫星观测资料分析表明在赤道东太平洋和大西洋附近存在赤道不稳定波（tropical instability waves）。赤道不稳定波通常于每年春末夏初出现,以约0.6 m/s速度向西传播,周期为20~40天左右,波长约为1 000~2 000 km,可改变赤道附近海洋的热量平衡,并引发强烈的局地海气作用。利用CCSR/NIES/FRCGC AOGCM MIROC 100年的模式输出结果,计算了赤道不稳定波的爆发时间、波长、传播速度、周期,并与观测资料作对比分析,以考察模式对赤道不稳定波的模拟能力。结果表明,模式较好地再现了热带太平洋的海洋内部中尺度动力-热力作用过程,成功模拟了赤道不稳定波的基本特征,发现赤道不稳定波主要存在赤道南北不超过6个纬度的浅层海洋中,除赤道表层外4~6 ?N海洋温跃层中也有赤道不稳定波。对赤道不稳定波的能量进行诊断分析表明其能量主要来自赤道附近洋流经向切变产生的正压不稳定,赤道以北海洋温跃层中赤道不稳定波能量主要来自由浮力作用产生的斜压不稳定,两者的共同作用形成了赤道不稳定波的赤道不对称结构。  相似文献   

New approach for optimal perturbation method in ensemble climate prediction with empirical singular vector     

Jong-Seong Kug  Yoo-Geun Ham  Masahide Kimoto  Fei-Fei Jin  In-Sik Kang 《Climate Dynamics》2010,35(2-3):331-340

In this study, a new method is developed to generate optimal perturbations in ensemble climate prediction. In this method, the optimal perturbation in initial conditions is the 1st leading singular vector, calculated from an empirical linear operator based on a historical model integration. To verify this concept, this method is applied to a hybrid coupled model. It is demonstrated that the 1st leading singular vector from the empirical linear operator, to a large extent, represents the fast-growing mode in the nonlinear integration. Therefore, the forecast skill with the optimal perturbations is improved over most lead times and regions. In particular, the improvement of the forecast skill is significant where the signal-to-noise ratio is small, indicating that the optimal perturbation method is effective when the initial uncertainty is large. Therefore, the new optimal perturbation method has the potential to improve current seasonal prediction with state-of-the-art coupled GCMs.  相似文献   

Ti-rich hydroandradites from the Sanbagawa metamorphic rocks of the Shibukawa area,central Japan     

Hitoshi Onuki  Masahide Akasaka  Takeyoshi Yoshida  Munetomo Nedachi 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1982,80(2):183-188

Ti-rich hydroandradite often occurs, though usually as a minor constituent, in serpentinized ultramafic rocks and associated gabbroic rocks of the Sanbagawa metamorphic belt. The chemistry of the host rocks is commonly characterized by undersaturation with SiO₂. Two Ti-rich hydroandradites from metasomatized gabbroic rocks of the Shibukawa area have been chemically analysed by the wet method. Mössbauer experiments indicate the presence of Fe³⁺ and Fe²⁺ in the octahedral sites of these Ti-rich hydroandradites. Wet chemical analyses for total reducing capacity of the present garnets by two different methods together with Mössbauer data imply the presence of octahedral Ti³⁺ in their structure. Ti-rich hydroandratites, apart from their hydrous property, have a similar crystal chemistry to natural Ti-rich andradites. Ti-rich hydroandradites were probably formed in rocks with unusual chemical compositions within a P-T region of 300–400° C and 4–7 kb under limited conditions of relatively low oxygen fugacity and low μCO₂.  相似文献   

春季欧亚大陆地表气温变化特征的气候意义   总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8       下载免费PDF全文

沈学顺  木本昌秀 《大气科学》2007,31(1):19-27

研究了春季欧亚大陆地表气温的年际变化及其相联系的环流场特征，发现春季欧亚大陆地表气温年际变化呈现为大陆尺度的南北跷跷板式的空间分布特征， 即当中高纬度地表气温为正距平时，副热带地区则为负距平，反之亦然。这种空间分布型代表了欧亚大陆中高纬度地表气温年际变化的主要特征。进一步的研究表明，这种变化与前期冬季北大西洋涛动（NAO）有着显著的正相关，而与同期的NAO无关。同时，欧亚大陆地表气温异常存在着明显的从冬到夏的持续性。与东亚初夏气候变化关系的研究表明，春季欧亚大陆地表气温的变化通过影响鄂霍次克高压的变化进一步影响初夏梅雨的变化。当春季欧亚大陆中高纬度地表气温为正距平时，鄂霍次克高压偏强，初夏梅雨较活跃，反之亦然。  相似文献   

El Niño-related sea surface elevation and ocean bottom pressure enhancement associated with the retreat of the Oyashio southeast of Hokkaido,Japan     

Hasegawa  Takuya  Nagano  Akira  Matsumoto  Hiroyuki  Ariyoshi  Keisuke  Wakita  Masahide 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2019,40(4):505-512

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Summertime land–sea thermal contrast and atmospheric circulation over East Asia in a warming climate—Part I: Past changes and future projections     

Youichi Kamae  Masahiro Watanabe  Masahide Kimoto  Hideo Shiogama 《Climate Dynamics》2014,43(9-10):2553-2568

Land–sea surface air temperature (SAT) contrast, an index of tropospheric thermodynamic structure and dynamical circulation, has shown a significant increase in recent decades over East Asia during the boreal summer. In Part I of this two-part paper, observational data and the results of transient warming experiments conducted using coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation models (GCMs) are analyzed to examine changes in land–sea thermal contrast and the associated atmospheric circulation over East Asia from the past to the future. The interannual variability of the land–sea SAT contrast over the Far East for 1950–2012 was found to be tightly coupled with a characteristic tripolar pattern of tropospheric circulation over East Asia, which manifests as anticyclonic anomalies over the Okhotsk Sea and around the Philippines, and a cyclonic anomaly over Japan during a positive phase, and vice versa. In response to CO₂ increase, the cold northeasterly winds off the east coast of northern Japan and the East Asian rainband were strengthened with the circulation pattern well projected on the observed interannual variability. These results are commonly found in GCMs regardless of future forcing scenarios, indicating the robustness of the East Asian climate response to global warming. The physical mechanisms responsible for the increase of the land–sea contrast are examined in Part II.  相似文献   

A diagnostic study of the impact of El Niño on the precipitation in China   总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20  

Zhang Renhe  Akimasa Sumi  Masahide Kimoto 《大气科学进展》1999,16(2):229-241

The impact of El Niño on the precipitation in China for different seasons are investigated diagnostically. It is found that El Niño can influence the precipitation in China significantly during its mature phase. In the Northern winter, spring and autumn, the positive precipitation anomalies are found in the southern part of China during the El Niño mature phase. In the Northern summer, the patterns of the precipitation anomalies in the El Niño mature phase are different from those in the other seasons. The negative precipitation anomalies appear in both southern and northern parts of China, while in between around the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River valleys the precipitation anomalies tend to be positive. In the Northern winter, spring and autumn, the physical process by which El Niño affects the precipitation in the southern part of China can be explained by the features of the circulation anomalies over East Asia during the El Niño mature phase (Zhang et al., 1996). The appearance of an anticyclonic anomaly to the north of the maritime continent in the lower troposphere during the El Niño mature phase intensifies the subtropical high in the western Pacific and makes it shift westward. The associated southwesterly flow is responsible for the positive precipitation anomalies in the southern part of China. In the Northern summer, the intensified western Pacific subtropical high covers the southeastern periphery of China so that the precipitation there becomes less. In addition, the weakening of the Indian monsoon provides less moisture inflow to the northern part of China.  相似文献   

Multi‐species diffusion analysis in porous media under various dry density and temperature conditions: molecular dynamics simulation,homogenization analysis,and finite element method     

Jung Hae Choi  Katsuyuki Kawamura  Kazushi Kimoto  Yasuaki Ichikawa  Byung‐Gon Chae 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2014,38(16):1744-1760

In porous media, chemical species that dissolve in pore water can be transported via diffusion mechanisms or advective fluxes, close to or far away from where precipitation occurs. In the case of a high‐level radioactive waste disposal system, compacted bentonite is used in a buffer material in an engineering barrier system to minimize the amount of specific nuclides that breach into the surrounding host rock. To minimize breaching, it is very important to understand the transport mechanism of multiple chemical species in porous media. In the following research, we introduced FEM analysis methods using the results of the molecular dynamics simulation and homogenization analysis (MD/HA) method. First, the diffusion coefficients of ions (Cl^?, I^?, and Na⁺) in different water layers of Na‐beidellite were calculated using the MD/HA procedure under various dry density (1.2, 1.6, and 2.0 Mg/m³) and temperature (293, 323, and 363 K) conditions. Next, using FEM analysis that used the MD/HA results as input parameters, the diffusion behaviors of ions in porous media were calculated. The results indicate that the diffusion coefficients of the interlayer water in Na‐beidellite are different from the diffusion coefficients under dry density conditions. Further, the concentration profiles (C_t/C₀) of iodine and chloride are proportional to temperature but inversely proportional to dry density. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Numerical analysis of a one‐dimensional infiltration problem in unsaturated soil by a seepage–deformation coupled method     

F. Oka  S. Kimoto 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2011,35(5):544-568

A multiphase coupled elasto‐viscoplastic finite element analysis formulation, based on the theory of porous media, is used to describe the rainfall infiltration process into a one‐dimensional soil column. Using this framework, we have numerically analyzed the generation of pore water pressure and deformations when rainfall is applied to the soil. A parametric study, including rainfall intensity, soil–water characteristic curves, and permeability, is carried out to observe their influence on the changes in pore water pressure and volumetric strain. From the numerical results, it is shown that the generation of pore water pressure and volumetric strain is mainly controlled by material parameters α and n′ that describe the soil–water characteristic curve. A comparison with the laboratory results shows that the proposed method can describe very well the characteristics observed during the experiments of one‐dimensional water infiltration into a layered unsaturated soil column. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Petrology,Geochemistry, and Fluid Inclusion Microthermometry of Sphalerite from the Laloki and Federal Flag Strata‐Bound Massive Sulfide Deposits,Papua New Guinea: Implications for Gold Mineralization     

Hiroharu MATSUEDA  Joseph O. ESPI  Masahide AKASAKA 《Resource Geology》2012,62(2):187-207

The Laloki and Federal Flag deposits are two of the many (over 45) polymetallic massive sulfide deposits that occur in the Astrolabe Mineral Field, Papua New Guinea. New data of the mineralogical compositions, mineral textures, and fluid inclusion studies on sphalerite from Laloki and Federal Flag deposits were investigated to clarify physiochemical conditions of the mineralization at both deposits. The two deposits are located about 2 km apart and they are stratigraphically hosted by siliceous to carbonaceous claystone and rare gray chert of Paleocene–Eocene age. Massive sulfide ore and host rock samples were collected from each deposit for mineralogical, geochemical, and fluid inclusion studies. Mineralization at the Laloki deposit consists of early‐stage massive sulfide mineralization (sphalerite‐barite, chalcopyrite, and pyrite–marcasite) and late‐stage brecciation and remobilization of early‐stage massive sulfides that was accompanied by late‐stage sphalerite mineralization. Occurrence of native gold blebs in early‐stage massive pyrite–marcasite‐chalcopyrite ore with the association of pyrrhotite‐hematite and abundant planktonic foraminifera remnants was due to reduction of hydrothermal fluids by the reaction with organic‐rich sediments and seawater mixing. Precipitation of fine‐grained gold blebs in late‐stage Fe‐rich sphalerite resulted from low temperature and higher salinity ore fluids in sulfur reducing conditions. In contrast, the massive sulfide ores from the Federal Flag deposit contain Fe‐rich sphalerite and subordinate sulfarsenides. Native gold blebs occur as inclusions in Fe‐rich sphalerite, along sphalerite grain boundaries, and in the siliceous‐hematitic matrix. Such occurrences of native gold suggest that gold was initially precipitated from high‐temperature, moderate to highly reduced, low‐sulfur ore fluids. Concentrations of Au and Ag from both Laloki and Federal Flag deposits were within the range (<10 ppm Au and <100 ppm Ag) of massive sulfides at a mid‐ocean ridge setting rather than typical arc‐type massive sulfides. The complex relationship between FeS contents in sphalerite and gold grades of both deposits is probably due to the initial deposition of gold on the seafloor that may have been controlled by factors such as Au complexes, pH, and fO₂ in combination with temperature and sulfur fugacity.  相似文献